Transport and Logistics basics in the context of new sanitation concepts

For the development of new sanitation concepts there exist basically two objectives: On one side the trial to reach the MDGs regarding water. This means the need for save water and sanitation has to be halved by 2015, which involves in the case of sanitation at least 400,000 new systems a day (Mara & Alabaster 2007), mainly in developing countries. On the other side we want to gain a more sustainable approach in regions, where water distribution and wastewater management systems already are established. For this later case the development of new systems allows additionally the opening of new markets and thus new and positive effects for their economy. Since the two objectives for new sanitation concepts mentioned above lead to quite different needs and approaches in planning and since they also require different techniques, in the following it is referred to systems for category I (implementation of sanitation system required) and category II (up-scaling of existing sanitation system). While new sanitation concepts promise solutions in both cases, one of the big challenges in both cases is the implementation of new concepts in larger cities. Herefore many different aspects have to be considered, of which transport and logistics is one. For the development of each new system positive economics are a strong driving force. To underline the potential of new sanitation concepts, we try to avoid terms as waste. Instead we often speak of products in general (meaning e.g. faecal matter or urine) which can be converted to new products (e.g. fertilizing product). For each product raw material is needed, also transport, conditioning, and distribution. A few examples of this simplified setup are shown in Table 1. When developing new systems only some obstacles can be predicted while even more will arise throughout the process. In case of new sanitation concepts the need and research for different treatment methods was obvious. At the same time, it became clear, that also the involvement of the users as stakeholder group had to be considered. This is mainly done by integrating them into the